Minute hair-like sliver along edge(s) due to shearing or slitting operation.

A combined electrical and chemical finishing process for aluminum that produces a hard, colored, protective film on the surface.

Increasing the hardness of metal by suitable treatment, usually involving heating and cooling.

Resistance to plastic deformation, usually by indentation. The term may also refer to stiffness or temper, or to resistance to scratching, abrasion or cutting.

A measure of hardness (resistance to indentation) obtained by applying a load--through use of a ball indenter--and measuring the permanent impression in the material. The hardness value of aluminum alloys is obtained by applying a load of 500 kilograms to a ball 10 millimeters in diameter for 30 seconds; the applied load (in kilograms) is divided by the spherical area of the impression (in square millimeters).

A method of evaluating hardness/adhesion using graded drawing

An indentation hardness test based on the depth of penetration of a specified penetrator into the specimen under certain fixed conditions.

That portion of the base metal in welding, brazing or flame cutting whose microstructure and physical properties have been altered by the heat.

Horizontal cracks or separation of material usually observed initially on the inside of hollow profiles.

An aluminum alloy that can be hardened to produce desired properties by a controlled cycle of heating and cooling.

Heating and cooling a solid metal or alloy in such a way as to obtain desired conditions or properties. Commonly used as a shop term to denote a thermal treatment to increase strength. Heating for the sole purpose of hot working is excluded from the meaning of this definition -- see Solution Heat Treating.  Aging.

The ability of a paint to mask the color or pattern of the substrate it covers.

Coatings greater than 40% solids by volume, thereby reducing solvent emissions during the application.

A joint which, when assembled, allows its parts to rotate relative to each other without separating. Hinge joints are extruded as relatively loose slip-fit joints with an open-sided ball-in-socket design.

Void in rolled product. Typical cause is a non-metallic inclusion during rolling.

Region where film is absent due to non-wetting of the metal surface by the coating.

A billet prepared for extruding seamless tube or pipe. The outside diameter may be scalped and the inside diameter may be bored or cast hollow to assure sound metal.

Are extrusion tools capable of forming profiles with voids where such dies are typically classified as either bridge, porthole or spider types. Extruded sections produced on these dies have one or more seams or longitudinal weld lines, due to metal flow around the supports that hold the stub mandrel. The stub mandrel determines the inside contour of the section being extruded. After passing around the supports, the metal is fused in a weld chamber before passing through the die proper.

An extruded profile, any part of whose cross section completely encloses a void.

An extruded shape, any part of whose cross section completely encloses a void.

Is a process whereby ingots are raised to temperatures near the solidus temperature and held at that temperature for varying lengths of time. The purposes of this process are to (1) reduce microsegregation by promoting diffusion of solute atoms within the grains of aluminum and (2) Improve workability.

An abrupt deviation from straightness. Hook can be caused by non-uniform metal flow during breakthrough. See also Bow.

Is a hardened tool steel, horse shoe shaped device intended to hold, position and retain the die ring in the die slide or tool carrier.

Working operations, such as bending, drawing or forging, performed above the softening temperature of the metal.

The hardness of metals at elevated temperatures. For example in the case of H-11, H-12, and H-13 hot work tool steel hot hardness at 900ºF is lower than at room temperature.

Transverse surface scars or separations along the length of the extruded profile caused by excess speed and/or temperature.

A condition of the metal at excessively high working temperatures characterized by low mechanical strength and a tendency for the metal to crack rather than deform.

Dark gray or black surface patches appearing after anodizing. These areas are usually associated with lower hardness and coarse magnesium silicide precipitate caused by non-uniform cooling after extrusion.

Plastic deformation of metal at such temperature and rate that strain hardening does not occur.

Part of a hollow die that replaces the die ring and is another term for a mandrel when referring to a self-contained die.

The surface on the entry of a hollow die. On the aluminum entry side one usually finds ports while on the exit side is located the sealing face.

A press in which the ram is activated by fluid pressure.

A part formed in a confining die from a metal slug, usually cold, by rapid single stroke application of force through a punch, causing the metal to flow around the punch and/or through an opening in the punch or die.

The ability of a material to withstand shock loading.

Foreign material in the metal or impressed into the surface.

An impurity, metallic or non-metallic, which is trapped in the ingot and elongated subsequently in the direction of working. It may be revealed during working or finishing as a narrow streak parallel to the direction of working.

The term associated with hollow profiles that extrude convex rather than flat.

A cast form suitable for remelting or fabricating. See Fabricating Ingot, Extrusion Ingot, Forging Ingot.

A material that resists the flow of heat , sound, electricity or another form of energy.

The class of fit in which a mating part is deliberately made slightly oversize for the part into which it will be inserted.

The insertion of paper or application of suitable strippable coatings between layers of metal to protect from damage.

A joint in which a curved projection on one part is inserted by a rotating motion into a similarly curved receiving groove on the other part. The parts cannot then be separated by straight-line motion.

The strength of a welded joint expressed as a percentage of the strength of the unwelded base metal.

The notch or slit made by a saw or torch when cutting.

A joint with two or more primary elements which are locked together only when an additional specialized part, the key is inserted to prevent them from separating.

A slot in the shaft of a mechanical drive system that provides a means of locking a gear or other part onto the shaft.

An abrupt deviation from straightness. A kink can be caused by handling.

A solution of natural or synthetic resin in an organic solvent with modifying agents, suitable for protective coatings. Lacquers may be clear or colored.

The Greek letter, corresponding to the letter L, used as a symbol for the coefficient of heat conductivity, the relative rate at which heat is transmitted through a material.

An internal crack or separation aligned parallel to the extrusion direction, usually caused by contaminants that feed into the metal flow during the forming process or by cracked billets.

A joint formed with one member overlapping the other; the simplest type of nesting joint.

A method of finishing metal to produce a very smooth, highly accurate surface.

A prototype forging or a cast used to determine conformance to designed dimensions.

The initial adjustable and removable section of runout table which is usually stationary (non-activated).

The initial portion of an extruded profile.

The mechanical flattening of plate, sheet or foil.

Leveling carried out by bending.

Leveling carried out by uniaxial tension.

Leveling continuously carried out by uniaxial stretching usually with the assistance of bending.

Leveling carried out at an elevated temperature under an applied load normal to the surface to be flattened.

Undersized wall dimensions often caused by shifting or caving of mandrel or housing section of hollow die.

Temperature along the extruded profile's length.

The extent to which a measuring instrument's response is proportional to the measured quantity.

The line pattern which shows the direction of flow on the surface.

Closely spaced symmetrical lines on the surface of metal which has undergone non-uniform deformation, usually in a drawing operation.

The slab of coating metal that is placed on the core alloy and is subsequently rolled down to clad sheet as composite.

The bleeding of the low-melting constituents through the solidified ingot surface.

A general concept for the typical values or central tendency of a distribution.

A condition in which the parting line of a forging is not all in one plane.

The starting stock for extrusion billet. Extrusion log is usually produced in lengths from which shorter extrusion billets are cut.

For plate, sheet and forgings, the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction which is also at right angles to the thickness of the product. See also Longitudinal Direction.

The direction of major metal flow in a working operation.

Material usually of the same mill form, alloy, temper, section and size traceable to one heat-treat furnace load (or extrusion charge or billet in the case of press heat-treated extrusions) or, if heat treated in a continuous furnace, charged consecutively during an 8-hour period.

(1) For non-heat treated tempers, an identifiable quantity of material of the same mill form, alloy, temper, section and size submitted for inspection at one time. (2) For heat treated tempers, an identifiable quantity of material of the same mill form, alloy, temper, section and size traceable to a heat treat lot or lots and submitted for inspection at one time. (For sheet and plate, all material of the same thickness is considered to be of the same size.)

Lubricant limit exceeds the maximum agreed upon limit measured in weight per unit area.

Failure of the lubricant to meet the agreed upon minimum limit measured in weight per unit area.

Any of a number of liquids or semi-solids such as oil, kerosene, grease, lard, fat, soap, tallow and wax used on metal to reduce friction and binding during extruding or forming operations.

Elongated surface markings or depressions appearing in patterns caused by localized plastic deformation that results form non-uniform yielding.